利用设置在福建南平国有来舟林业试验场马尾松高产脂半同胞家系测定林，研究其产脂力与生长、树冠性状在家系间的遗传变异以及它们之间的遗传相关性，并进行脂用马尾松优良家系及优良单株选择。结果表明，马尾松产脂力与生长、树冠性状皆存在显著的家系差异，相对于生长、树冠性状，产脂力变异较大，变异系数高达61.91%，具有丰富的选择基础。产脂力受中度遗传控制，家系遗传力和单株遗传力分别为0.42和0.31，表明对马尾松产脂力通过家系和单株选择可取得较好的改良效果。性状遗传相关分析结果显示，马尾松家系产脂力与胸径、树高和材积呈较高的正遗传相关，表明在遗传育种进程中可同时对生长性状和产脂力进行改良。此外，产脂力与冠幅、冠高、轮盘数、活枝数也呈较高的正遗传相关。综合生长、树冠性状的遗传力以及与产脂力相关程度，认为胸径是高产脂优树间接选择的最佳指标。以单株产脂量和单株材积生长作为综合选择指标，共选出20个优良家系和16株优良单株，选出的优良单株产脂力遗传增益在52.54%~154.40%，单株材积遗传增益在0.22%~31.85%。

In order to explore the salt tolerance mechanism of Machilus thunbergii, the effects of salt stress on seedling biomass, root morphology, sodium and potassium absorption and distribution were studied. The results showed that the above-ground biomass increased slightly under lower salt stress conditions, while the below-ground biomass, root length and root surface area showed a downtrend. The above-ground growth was limited under high concentration salt stress, while the under-ground growth was not subject to significant restrictions. The absorption of Na+ in root increased under salt stress, but that of K+ decreased. The ability of Na+ transporting from root to leaf and stem was weakened. The accumulation of Na+ in stem and leaves was less. With the decreased absorption of K+, the ratio of Na+/K+ also continuously increased. With the increased concentration of salt stress, the ability of K+ absorption in roots increased. The ability of K+ transporting from root to leaf and stem was enhanced, which resulted in significant increase of K+ in the leaves and stem. The accumulation of Na+ in the under-ground was significantly greater than that in above-ground, while the K+ content in above-ground increased significantly, which played a key role in maintaining normal growth and metabolism of M. thunbergii.

[目的] 研究马尾松松脂化学组分在家系间的变异以及松脂组分间的相关性,为以松脂品质为目标的马尾松遗传改良工作提供理论依据和指导。[方法] 以福建省国有来舟林业试验场11年生马尾松高产脂半同胞家系测定林为研究对象,通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC/MS)检测每株样木树干胸径部位木质部内松脂化学组分的种类和含量,分析这些组分在家系间的遗传变异以及它们之间的遗传相关性,并利用在家系间差异显著的松脂化学组分对所有家系进行聚类。[结果] 从马尾松松脂中共检出20种主要化学组分,其中,α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、长叶烯、β-石竹烯、海松酸、山达海松酸、长叶松酸/左旋海松酸、脱氢枞酸、枞酸和新枞酸为松脂中含量较高的组分。经方差分析发现:单萜中的莰烯和柠檬烯,倍半萜中的长叶环烯、洒剔烯、β-石竹烯和α-石竹烯以及二萜中的海松酸和新枞酸在家系间的差异显著或极显著,家系遗传力为0.45~0.59,意味着通过家系选择,这10个组分的遗传改良可取得较好的成效。对松脂化学组分进行遗传相关分析发现:在单萜类内,β-蒎烯、莰烯和柠檬烯间遗传相关显著或极显著,组分间遗传相关系数为0.59~0.78;在倍半萜内,长叶蒎烯、长叶环烯、洒剔烯和长叶烯之间遗传相关达极显著水平,遗传相关系数为0.67~1.00,β-石竹烯和α-石竹烯遗传相关性也达极显著水平;但在二萜类内和各萜类间,遗传相关性较弱,未达到显著水平。依据在家系间差异显著的10个松脂化学组分将所有家系聚为3类。[结论] 马尾松树干木质部松脂共检出20种组分,其中,莰烯、柠檬烯、长叶环烯、洒剔烯、β-石竹烯、α-石竹烯、海松酸和新枞酸受家系影响较大,受中度遗传控制。在单萜、倍半萜类和双萜类内和类间,较强的遗传相关主要出现在单萜和倍半萜类内。